“Ghadir”; Rereading the Divine, Justice-Centered, and People-Based Governance Model in Contrast with Common Contemporary Governance Models

The Long-standing Crisis of Power and Morality in Political Philosophy
In political philosophy, the greatest challenge has always been to find a sustainable relationship between power and morality. Modern governance models such as liberalism, communism, and the capitalist systems of the West and Europe, although they have been somewhat successful in managing interests and maintaining power at certain points in history, have often failed to achieve true justice and a spiritual bond between the ruler and the condemned. The Ghadir event is not merely a historical event, but rather the announcement of a new paradigm in the management of society; a paradigm in which governance shifts from a material to a transcendental source and from the management of interests to the management of values.

Divine Legitimacy; The Ruler as a Trustee and Agent
In divine governance, legitimacy is based on right and truth. This is while legitimacy in a democracy is derived from the people and in a dictatorship from force. However, in the Ghadir model, the main source of legitimacy is divine determination. This does not mean that the ruler is free from the call of the people, but rather that sovereignty is a trust from God. In this model, the ruler is not an absolute authority, but a representative and agent whose accountability is two-fold: first to the people and second to God Almighty. This dual structure of accountability prevents the ruler from slipping into the abyss of tyranny and transforms the people from passive spectators of power into active and responsible observers.

Justice as a goal, not a means of order

In this governance, justice is the main focus and is considered as a pillar of the system. Another important point is that in most political systems, justice is a means to maintain order. However, in the Ghadir model, justice is the goal and destination. Justice in this model goes beyond the level of formal legal equality and reaches social justice. The Ghadir ruler has the duty to reform and regulate economic and social structures in such a way that no group suffers from oppression or structural poverty. In other words, justice in this paradigm is not an electoral slogan, but the most fundamental responsibility of governance, which cannot be realized without a radical reform of power and wealth relations.

Religious Democracy; Participation while Following the Right

In Ghadir governance, governance is people-based, but popular participation will be while following the right. Contrary to the misconception that sees guardianship in conflict with democracy, the Ghadir model explains a type of religious and value-oriented democracy in which people participate in the process of establishing the system through recognizing the right and accepting guardianship. It is very important that people in this model are not simply voters, but are obliged to support the right and monitor the performance of the ruler. This view elevates the concept of "public oversight" from the level of a civil right to the level of a religious and moral obligation and provides an internal guarantee for the stability of the system against deviations of power.

Comparative Comparison of Two Governance Models
In a comparative comparison of the Ghadir model with the common models of human societies, it becomes clear that the index of the common model is modern liberalism and the index of the Ghadir model is divine. It is quite clear that in the human model, the source of legitimacy is structurally considered to be based on social contracts and the majority; the main goal is to manage interests and political stability, and the basis of law will be the will of the majority and formal legalism. The relationship between the ruler and the people is also considered a contract based on mutual interests and justice in the sense of equality and legal equality.
However, in the Ghadir model, the basis of legitimacy is divine guardianship and social acceptance. In this model, there are inextricable links between the realization of justice and human development, the implementation of divine laws, legalism and moral values, and also the responsibility to implement justice and eliminate structural injustice is one of the most important goals of Ghadir governance. These links ensure that the law is not simply a reflection of the changing will of the majority, but rather a manifestation of the fixed and timeless principles of right.

Value Stability vs. Moral Relativism
Another major difference is in the ultimate authority. In human models, authority changes with the changing tastes or power of the majority, which effectively leads to moral relativism. But in the Ghadir model, because the basis of governance is based on fixed divine principles, the political system is stable against moral upheavals and sudden changes in values. Also, in the Ghadir model, the sanctity of right prevents the ruler from deviating from justice under the pretext of expediency. This value stability guarantees the psychological and moral security of society against the destructive waves of modern relativism.