The holy book of the Jewish says when David asked the God for the child cure, the God told him to fast. So, he did so and slept all night on the ground. Bani Israel also fast on the 24th of the same month while modestly lied on the ground.
There is a long history for the fast as we have understood. Some interpreters believe it dates back to the time of Adam and Eve. After the Adam lost the paradise, the God made him fast on 13th, 14th and 15th of each month to help him turn his skin to white after it had been black due to the sun shines of the Earth where he had just settled so after fasting for three days the skin enjoyed the whiteness and those days were called the “The White Days”.
When come to discuss existence of fast among the other divine and none-divine religion the following should be taken into account;
1. Although the fast in the past religion was differed from the current form, it is certain that they avoided doing some enjoyable deeds like eating and drinking.
2. In the Torah and Bible there is no witness to confirm the fast but there are some praising lines. But, the Christian and Jewish fast to avoid drinking milk and eating meat.
3. In Koran the story of the Virgin Marry and Zakaria is told.
4. Among none-religion nation like the ancient Greek and Egyptian the fast have been popular. So, one can say the fast as a mean of worshiping to bring the man closer to the God is highly respected by not only Muslims but also none-Muslim.
5. The Islam fast and the fast in the other religion differ in philosophy; In Islam the fast is to purify the spirit from the dirties to reach moralities but in the other religion the fast is to ask the Gods for forgiving the sins.
The words;
1. “Sawm” meaning fast in Persian is in fact avoiding doing all kinds of immoralities. But in the religion glossary means not eating, drinking or doing sin over a particular period of time although in Koran it means not speaking or eating.
:«انی نذرت للرحمن صوما»
2.”Ramadan” as the ninth month of the lunar year is highly respected in Islam. The Koran was sent to the Holy prophet and the “Ghadr Nights” which is better than thousands month as the Koran has described all took place in this month. Muslims fast in this month described as the month of Allah.
قد اقبل الیکم شهرالله)(8)
The definition of Ramadan is somehow similar to the meaning of fast in that both refer to tolerating hard condition. Ramadan is derived from “Ramaz” means the direct sun shine and direct sun burning.
All the definitions of fast in all dictionaries share one important thing; the fast is to avoid doing things the man sensuality likes to do and curbing the carnal.
Beside all, the fast is an example of justice since the riches and the poors, the lords and the servant all stand in the same line. The riches while keeping themselves hungry and thirty feel the poors better and get awake from eleven- sleep to pay the shares of the poors to answer the God command.
The fast in the other religion;
A. The fast in the Hebraism
The holy book of the Jewish says when David asked the God for the child cure, the God told him to fast. So, he did so and slept all night on the ground. Bani Israel also fast on the 24th of the same month while modestly lied on the ground.
The important fast among the Jewish are;
1. “Yawm Kipur”, the day of Kipur, as the biggest Jewish fast is called Yawm Adir, the glorious day, Yawm Mafadosh, the holy fast, and Yawm Asura.
2. Toot 10th fast when Jerusalem was surrounded by Bakht-o-nasr
3. Tamuz 17th fast when the Jerusalem walls were destroyed and slaughtering was ceased and this city was concurred by Tites, the Greek commander.
4. Awer 9th fast when Jerusalem was again destroyed.
5. Tabsheri 3rd when Jalia, the ruler of Yahuda was killed (12).
The fast customs in Hebraism;
Among the Jewish the boys in age 12 and the girls in age 13 had to fast but the patients and breast-feeding women were free from fast.
While fasting the Jewish did the below things;
1. Taking the Torah out from its place coverless.
2. Reciting the Torah, praying and ask for forgiving the sins.
3. Visiting the graves.
4. Playing Shofagh, a musical instrument.
5. Lying on the ground
6. Avoiding listening to music or talking.
Although the Torah has not directly referred to fast, the fast was popular among the Jewish.
B. The fast among Christian
Catholics fast on the Ash Wednesday, the first fast day of the fast days among Christians, Fridays of Lent and Good and avoid eating meat.
For centuries the Catholic had been forbidden from eating meat on these days until the middle of decade of 1960 Friday when fasting and eating meat was left to individual’s opinions.
The Eastern Orthodox with a little bit differences has the fast periods of Lent, Apostel, Dormition and Nativity. Beside the above, they fast Wednesdays and Fridays.
To overcome the physical desires and evil and ask for sins they fast. So, in Christian the fast is highly respected.
In addition to Christian, Buddhism, Hinduism and the other religion have fast although a little bit different.
The best witness to justify existence of fast among other religions is the Koran expression when addressing Muslims at the time of ordering the fast.
:«...کما کتب علی الذین من قبلکم؛
C. Fast in Islam;
The fast leveled second in the Islam minor commands.
The fast order is clearly available in Koran saying;
:«یا ایها الذین آمنوا کتب علیکم الصیام کما کتب علی الذین من قبلکم لعلکم تتقون»
The conditions of fast, the time of it and the other things violate fast are also mentioned in Koran.
The philosophy of Fast
What has made Fast in Islam distinguished from the Fast in the other religion is the purpose of it. Unlike the other religion, Fast in Islam is not to curb the anger, repenting or calming the Gods but purifying the soul and spirit.
(لعلکم تتقون)
The great Ayatollah Tabatabaie clearly defines the philosophy of the Fast;
To gain virtue, the perfection. Not eating and drinking is not enough but to curb the sexuality and physical canals over history, something has made the man miserable, is the only purpose of Fast.
Seyyed Hassan Waez Zadeh
Sources;
- طبا طبائی، سید محمد حسین/ المیزان فی تفسیر القرآن(ترجمه فارسی)، دفتر انتشارات اسلامی جامعه مدرسین حوزه علمیه قم/1374/ ج2 ص 8.
- همان.
- همان.
- بقره 183.
- قاموس القرآن ج4 ص 165 ذیل کلمه «صوم»
- کتاب العین ج 7 ص 171 ذیل واژه «صوم».
- سوره مریم آیه 26.
- فرازی از خطبه شعبانیه ی حضرت رسول مکرم اسلام در مورد فضیلت ماه رمضان.
- المفردات فی غریب القرآن ص 366 ذیل واژه ر م ض.
- والذین فی اموالهم حق معلوم للسائل و المحروم/ معارج آیه 24(و آنان كه در مال و دارايى خود حقّى معيّن و معلوم گردانند تا به فقيران سائل و فقيران آبرومند محروم رسانند.)
- نقل از اکرم امانی، روزه داری در ادیان و مذاهب جهان( مقاله منتشره در انترنت).
- همان
- منبع: BELIFNET.COM و OMSAKHTI.ORG
- سوره بقره ایه 183.
- طبا طبایی، سید محمد حسین/المیزان (ترجمه فارسی) ج2 ص 10
When come to discuss existence of fast among the other divine and none-divine religion the following should be taken into account;
1. Although the fast in the past religion was differed from the current form, it is certain that they avoided doing some enjoyable deeds like eating and drinking.
2. In the Torah and Bible there is no witness to confirm the fast but there are some praising lines. But, the Christian and Jewish fast to avoid drinking milk and eating meat.
3. In Koran the story of the Virgin Marry and Zakaria is told.
4. Among none-religion nation like the ancient Greek and Egyptian the fast have been popular. So, one can say the fast as a mean of worshiping to bring the man closer to the God is highly respected by not only Muslims but also none-Muslim.
5. The Islam fast and the fast in the other religion differ in philosophy; In Islam the fast is to purify the spirit from the dirties to reach moralities but in the other religion the fast is to ask the Gods for forgiving the sins.
The words;
1. “Sawm” meaning fast in Persian is in fact avoiding doing all kinds of immoralities. But in the religion glossary means not eating, drinking or doing sin over a particular period of time although in Koran it means not speaking or eating.
:«انی نذرت للرحمن صوما»
2.”Ramadan” as the ninth month of the lunar year is highly respected in Islam. The Koran was sent to the Holy prophet and the “Ghadr Nights” which is better than thousands month as the Koran has described all took place in this month. Muslims fast in this month described as the month of Allah.
قد اقبل الیکم شهرالله)(8)
The definition of Ramadan is somehow similar to the meaning of fast in that both refer to tolerating hard condition. Ramadan is derived from “Ramaz” means the direct sun shine and direct sun burning.
All the definitions of fast in all dictionaries share one important thing; the fast is to avoid doing things the man sensuality likes to do and curbing the carnal.
Beside all, the fast is an example of justice since the riches and the poors, the lords and the servant all stand in the same line. The riches while keeping themselves hungry and thirty feel the poors better and get awake from eleven- sleep to pay the shares of the poors to answer the God command.
The fast in the other religion;
A. The fast in the Hebraism
The holy book of the Jewish says when David asked the God for the child cure, the God told him to fast. So, he did so and slept all night on the ground. Bani Israel also fast on the 24th of the same month while modestly lied on the ground.
The important fast among the Jewish are;
1. “Yawm Kipur”, the day of Kipur, as the biggest Jewish fast is called Yawm Adir, the glorious day, Yawm Mafadosh, the holy fast, and Yawm Asura.
2. Toot 10th fast when Jerusalem was surrounded by Bakht-o-nasr
3. Tamuz 17th fast when the Jerusalem walls were destroyed and slaughtering was ceased and this city was concurred by Tites, the Greek commander.
4. Awer 9th fast when Jerusalem was again destroyed.
5. Tabsheri 3rd when Jalia, the ruler of Yahuda was killed (12).
The fast customs in Hebraism;
Among the Jewish the boys in age 12 and the girls in age 13 had to fast but the patients and breast-feeding women were free from fast.
While fasting the Jewish did the below things;
1. Taking the Torah out from its place coverless.
2. Reciting the Torah, praying and ask for forgiving the sins.
3. Visiting the graves.
4. Playing Shofagh, a musical instrument.
5. Lying on the ground
6. Avoiding listening to music or talking.
Although the Torah has not directly referred to fast, the fast was popular among the Jewish.
B. The fast among Christian
Catholics fast on the Ash Wednesday, the first fast day of the fast days among Christians, Fridays of Lent and Good and avoid eating meat.
For centuries the Catholic had been forbidden from eating meat on these days until the middle of decade of 1960 Friday when fasting and eating meat was left to individual’s opinions.
The Eastern Orthodox with a little bit differences has the fast periods of Lent, Apostel, Dormition and Nativity. Beside the above, they fast Wednesdays and Fridays.
To overcome the physical desires and evil and ask for sins they fast. So, in Christian the fast is highly respected.
In addition to Christian, Buddhism, Hinduism and the other religion have fast although a little bit different.
The best witness to justify existence of fast among other religions is the Koran expression when addressing Muslims at the time of ordering the fast.
:«...کما کتب علی الذین من قبلکم؛
C. Fast in Islam;
The fast leveled second in the Islam minor commands.
The fast order is clearly available in Koran saying;
:«یا ایها الذین آمنوا کتب علیکم الصیام کما کتب علی الذین من قبلکم لعلکم تتقون»
The conditions of fast, the time of it and the other things violate fast are also mentioned in Koran.
The philosophy of Fast
What has made Fast in Islam distinguished from the Fast in the other religion is the purpose of it. Unlike the other religion, Fast in Islam is not to curb the anger, repenting or calming the Gods but purifying the soul and spirit.
(لعلکم تتقون)
The great Ayatollah Tabatabaie clearly defines the philosophy of the Fast;
To gain virtue, the perfection. Not eating and drinking is not enough but to curb the sexuality and physical canals over history, something has made the man miserable, is the only purpose of Fast.
Seyyed Hassan Waez Zadeh
Sources;
- طبا طبائی، سید محمد حسین/ المیزان فی تفسیر القرآن(ترجمه فارسی)، دفتر انتشارات اسلامی جامعه مدرسین حوزه علمیه قم/1374/ ج2 ص 8.
- همان.
- همان.
- بقره 183.
- قاموس القرآن ج4 ص 165 ذیل کلمه «صوم»
- کتاب العین ج 7 ص 171 ذیل واژه «صوم».
- سوره مریم آیه 26.
- فرازی از خطبه شعبانیه ی حضرت رسول مکرم اسلام در مورد فضیلت ماه رمضان.
- المفردات فی غریب القرآن ص 366 ذیل واژه ر م ض.
- والذین فی اموالهم حق معلوم للسائل و المحروم/ معارج آیه 24(و آنان كه در مال و دارايى خود حقّى معيّن و معلوم گردانند تا به فقيران سائل و فقيران آبرومند محروم رسانند.)
- نقل از اکرم امانی، روزه داری در ادیان و مذاهب جهان( مقاله منتشره در انترنت).
- همان
- منبع: BELIFNET.COM و OMSAKHTI.ORG
- سوره بقره ایه 183.
- طبا طبایی، سید محمد حسین/المیزان (ترجمه فارسی) ج2 ص 10
Source : Afghan Voice Agency(AVA)_ Kabul
avapress.com/vdcc41q1.2bqxm8y-a2.html
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